Recording-velocimeter



(No Model.) s'sneets-sneet 1.

. BOYER.

' REG NG VELOGIMETER.

No. 470,468. Patented Mar. '8, 1892.

(NoModeL) V I 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. BO'YBR.

RECORDING VELOGIMETBR.

No; 470,468. Patented Mar. 8, 1892.

amen/ 7oz I @3913 Roman; W

(No Model;) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

V J. BO'YER. RECORDING VELOOIMETE'R. No. 470,468 Patented Mar. 8, 1892.

I NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BOYER, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

RECORDING-VELOCIMETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 470,468, dated March 8,1892.

Serial No. 396,538. (No model.)

. nying drawings.

This invention relates generally to a means for varying the size of aconduit, chamber, or passage for a fluid to accurately accord with anychange in the temperature of the atmosphere or that of the fluid or thewalls of the structure with which the fluid is in contact. It, however,particularly relates to means for automatically varying the size of apassage for the fluid in that 'class of apparatus termedrecording-velocimeter, patented to me February 1, 1887, No. 356,916. Insaid apparatus a pump, chamber, piston, and a fluid are so combined thatthe velocity of a moving part is translated into pressure, whereby thevelocity is indicated, and it may be recorded. With these elements isalso combined a passage for the fluid from the pressure side of thepiston to the opposite side, which passage is of gradually-increasin gsize, so arranged with respect to the piston as to conserve or guard thepower when the velocity is low, and as the power or speed-pressureincreases the passage is proportionately increased in size for theescape of a portion of the fluid around or past the piston back to theWell or suction side of the pump. In such prior structure the size ofthe passage and its degree of gradual increase was a fixed elementformed in the first instance with regard to the normal or meantemperature of the atmosphere, and so long as there was no considerablevariation in the temperature to which the fluid would be likely to besubjected, the apparatus worked accurately; but as soon as aconsiderable variation did occur the fluid would be influenced thereby,and

temperature of the atmosphere to which the fluid may be subjected; andto this end it consists in combining with a casing of metal con tainingthe fluid having a low ratio of expansion of another metal having inrespect thereto a high ratio of expansion, the expansion or contractionof which will compensate for the change in temperature of the'fiuid andmore or less vary the volume of its flow.

r A practical embodiment of the invention in one of its forms is shownin the accompanying drawings in connection with therecording-velocimeter constructed after my said patent.

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation 'of so much of theapparatus embodying the present improvement as is necessary to itsunderstanding. Fig. 1 is aview showing the connection of the apparatuswith the indicator or recording device. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectionof the same, taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an elevation ofthe compensating-valve removed from its seat. Fig. 4 is a detailedhorizontal section of a modified form of the valve. Figs. 5 and 6 aresimilar views of other forms of the valve. Fig. 7 is a similar View ofanother mode of varying the size of the opening for the pas- 8o sage ofthe fluid. Fig. 8 is a vertical section. of another modification for theSame purpose.

As illustrated insaid, drawings, the recording-velocimeter, so far as itis necessary to show it, is of similar construction to that shown andset forth in my said patent, similar letters of reference hereinindicating corresponding parts in said patent.

The apparatus is contained by a casin g 13, having a top plate A and abase or bottom plate H. This casing, with its top and bottom plates,

is preferably made of cast-iron or other similar metal having a lowratio of expansion, although, for a 'purpose to be hereinafter explained, distinct parts may be made of such 5 metal while the majorportion is formed of other material. The casing provides a chamber for apump K of any of the usual formssuch as piston or diaphragmbeing in thepresent instance a rotary one formed by a pair- 10a of rolls K K,toothed or otherwise winged to intermesh and form propelling or forcingblades for the fluid, and to the shaft of one of which rolls the poweris applied. The casing J, the piston-rod J" of which extends outwardthrough a stuffing-box in the top plate A, and is connected to cause amovement of the indicator or recording device y S, as in said patent,and as seen in Fig. 1. The pumpchamber or pump K is in communicationwith the cylinderJ by two passages E E, the former leading from theeduction side of the pump to the pressure or under side of the piston Jand the latter passage leading to the well or induction side of the pumpnormally from the upper or non-pressure side of the piston. The passageE' is interposed directly between the piston-cylinder and the inductionside of the pump and extends substantially the vertical length of thecylinder. In this direct connection between the piston-cylinder and thepump while the passage is at all times open therebetween the piston actsto cut off more or less of the extent of opening to the pressure sideand hence as it rises or falls correspondingly increases or diminishesthe extent of opening to the fluid.

In order to properly conserve or proportionately restrict the flow ofliquid from the cylinder J or back to the pump, the passage E (see Fig.3) is formed with a vertical opening, which, starting from the bottom,is of a size that quickly increases to its maximum width and thengradually decreases in Width as the top is approached. forced by thepump by the passage E to the under side of the piston J will exert an.upward pressure thereon sufficient to raise it to a more or less extent,according to the speed at which the pump. isrun and the freedom withwhich the fluid may escape past the piston by the passage E. As thepistonis raised a corresponding portion of the passage E is exposedbelow the piston and opened to the .escape of the fluid back to thepump, the exsage through which the fluid passes, and it is to beremarked in passing that while the means for this regulation orcompensation for the variations in the temperature in itself is the samein the several modifications hereinafter suggested the particular mannerin which it may be carried out in practice may be varied greatly. Thesemeans of compensation consist, broadly, in utilizing the difference inthe ratio of expansion of two metals, as that between the ratio ofexpansion of the casing B of cast-iron, for instance, and the ratio ofexpansion of a piece of zinc control- Thus the fluid ling. the size ofthe opening of the passage E.

In Figs. 1 to 3-the preferred form of the invention is shown, in whichthe passage E is provided in a cylindrical valve formed'by two hingedsemicircular wings 6, acting as a twopart valve pivoted to a verticalstem 7, and both wings or two parts adapted to oscillate on the stem tovary the size of the opening to the passage. WVith each wing of thisvalve formed of a material of a low ratio of expansion, there iscombined a piece of metal of a high ratio of expansion, such as zinc, inthe form of a pin 20, that extends inwardly through a perforation in thecasing with its end bearing against the rear of the Wing of the valve.The outer end or head 2l-of the pin is screwthreaded to engage with-thethreaded portion of the perforation, and to avoid any displacement andleakage of the fluid past the pins there may be provided a taperedjam-screw 2, screwed into the perforation tightly, and,

it may be, forced against the head of the pin 20. From this constructionit results that should the temperature of the atmosphere ncrease thezinc pins 20 willexpand in length to a greater degree than the cast-ironcasing of the valve, and being held firmly at their outer ends to thecasing will act inwardly at theirfree ends to force the mouths of thewings of the valve together, more or less, according to the degree ofexpansion of the pins. This movement of the valve-Wings will havenarrowed the width of the'passage or of its entrance so as to controlthe flow of the liquid from the piston-chamber back tothe pump. againstthe ends of the expansion-pins and to return them to their normalcondition upon the retraction of the pins, a spring 5 is connected tothe wings upon the opposite side of the pivot-stem for this purpose. Ofcourse one of the wings of the valve might be fixed and its pin omitted,while the other is movthe pressure of the spring. I

In Fig. 4 the arrangement of the ex pansionpin and returning-spring arereversed. shown, the pin 20 (or a number of pins) is iuserted betweenthe pair of wings of the valve at one side of the pivot 7, so that uponexpansion. they will move the valve-wings to restrict the size of thepassage E, while the spring 5 arranged upon the opposite side of thepivot, opposes such movement and returns the wings upon the retractionof the expansion-pin.

In Fig. 5, instead of making the valve and expansion-pins of separatepieces, each pin is provided at its inner end with a vertical strip 20,located at the entrance to the passage E and operating upon theexpansion or retraction of the pins to vary the size of said entrance orthat of its passage;

In Fig. 6 the valve is of hollow cylindrical form, split on one side toprovide the entrance for the passage E, and the opposite side perforatedto allow the free flow of the fluid bacli to the pump. "This valve isformed of metal having a high ratio of expansion, such as zinc, andbeing seated in a recess in the cast-iron casing will upon any increasein temperature expand in circular lines to a greater extent than thecasing, thus bringing the edges of the split side together, so as torestrict or narrow the opening between them, as will be apparent.

In Fig. 7 a further modification of the invention is shown, wherein thepiston-chamber J is formed with a lining of metal having a high ratio ofexpansion,such as zinc. This lining is of cylindrical form, divided atthe passage E to form an entrance thereto. Upon the expansion of theexpansible lining to a greater degree than the casing the edges of thedivision will approach nearer each other, and thus narrow the width ofthe entrance or of the passage E. It is obvious that the pump-chambercould be similarly lined, and thus control the opening of the passage E,into the well or suction side of the pump.

Another obvious modification of the invention is shown in Fig. 8, basedupon the construction shown in Fig. 7 of my said patent, wherein theconical pin 1 is herein made of the expansion metal, such as zinc, andthus upon expansion more or less closes the opening 2 through thepiston.

In each of the several examples of the in: vention the size of thepassage or of its entrance (it may be its exit.) is controlledautomatically by the expansion of a metal having a high ratio ofexpansion with respect to the surrounding body of metal as the casing B,which has a low ratio of expansion, whereby the flow of liquid from thepiston-cylinder to the pump is automatically varied according as thetemperature may vary. Of course it is not essential that the entirestructure, other than the high-expansion metal, should be formed of onematerial of low expansion, as it is simply necessary that the low andhigh expansion metals should be associated, so that the difierences ofexpansion of the one will have the controlling function.

\Vhat is claimed is 1. A structure having a passage for the flow of thefluid and formed of material having a low ratio of expansion, incombination with a two-part valve controlling such passage, the movementof both parts of which is controlled by a metal having a high ratio ofexpansion, and acting directly upon the valve to vary the opening,substantially as described.

2. In a recording-velocimeter, the combination, with thepiston-cylinder, the pump-chamber, and a passage between the two formedwholly or-in part of a material having a low ratio of expansion, of acontrolling means for said passage governed by a metal having a highratio of expansion, substantially as described. i

3. r In a recording-velocimeter, the combination, with thepiston-cylinder, the pump, and the passage between the two, formed of amaterial having a low ratio of expansion, of a valve interposed in saidpassage, the movement of which is controlled by a metal having a highratio of expansion, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the piston-cylinder, the pump, and the passagebetween the two, of a valve interposed in said passage, and anadjustable metal pin controlling the movement of said valve and having ahigh ratio of expansion, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the piston-cylinder, the pump, and the passagebetween the two, of a valve composed of two hinged wings interposed insaid passage, and a pair of metal pins abutting said wings having a highratio of expansion, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with the piston-cylinder, the pump, and the passagebetween the two, of a valve composed of two-hinged wings interposed insaid passage, a pair of metal pins abutting said wings having a highratio of expansion, and a spring for holding the wings against the pins,substantially as described.

' '7. In a recording-velocimeter, the combination of thepiston-cylinder, the pump, and a passage between the two, the opening ofwhich commencing at one end quickly increases to its maximum width andgradually decreases as it approaches the opposite end,

substantially as described.

ence of two witnesses.

' JOSEPH BOY-ER.

Witnesses:

STEPHEN F. SULLIVAN, JOHN P. PRIMEAU.

